Culture Is A Way Of Life - 1180 Words

Culture is a lifestyle; it is the way life is going to base on beliefs, traditions, or ethnic values. Based on the Merriam Webster dictionary culture is A culture is a way of life of a group of people act specific behaviors, value beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next. Culture is also known to be a way of expressing one’s opinion and point of view, it is very known that some practices can be very arguable and questionable; however, they must be respected as a matter of respecting one’s values. Based on others point of view, culture seems to be a legitimate thought that everyone practices. Not only regarding religious beliefs on different ethnicities, but it is basically what is done on a daily basis, such as: celebration, personal values, sports and priorities in life, or even daily routines that people do on an everyday basis. Experiences and perceptions represent the values and decisions that are made in our life, especially in our American society, we own the privilege to make choices, and take responsibilities for our own actions based on our cultures and values, as they are well respected and heard. Unlike other undeveloped countries. The concept of cultures and traditions had been primarily taught and developed from after birth and through our adolescent years of living. As it is also passed down from generation to generation toShow MoreRelatedCulture Is A Way Of Life1033 Words   |  5 PagesWhen defining the word culture, a common definition is that culture is a w ay of life. The way of life, however, holds a very general and unspecific meaning, and thus it is only an accurate description to encompass the basic idea of culture in a worldwide sense. A culture is made up of the people within it, and their interactions with each other and the society around them. It is these interactions that resulted in ideas such as art, history, tradition, and science, along with a range of others. TheRead MoreCulture Is A Way Of Life875 Words   |  4 Pages What is Culture? Culture is a way of life. A societal heritage that is derived from language, religion, values, personal beliefs and even music. Without it their is no telling what the structure of our social forces may hold. According to Introduction to Sociology by OpenStax College, â€Å"Almost every human behavior, from shopping to marriage to expressions of feelings, is learned† (pg. 52). For example if a child is taught to show love, kindness, and compassion through the upbringing of his familyRead MoreCulture : The Ideas And Way Of Life924 Words   |  4 PagesCulture Diversity Culture is known as the ideas and way of life of a society. Culture can have a set of behavior and beliefs. Culture has different shared components that have to do with norms, symbols, material artifacts, values, and language. My culture has grown from the days of slavery. Within my culture we have grew from being called Negro, Colored, Black, and are now called African American. I place education as a very high value in my culture. I be believe that having and striving to accomplishRead MoreCulture Is A Common Way Of Life Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages CULTURAL DIFFERENCES STUDENT NAME STUDENT SCHOOL â€Æ' Abstract According to Christopher Dawson, culture is a common way of life. It is a shared set of learned beliefs, values, assumptions, attitudes and behaviours that differentiate a particular group of people from others(Wederspahn, 2009. p.19). Fundamental differences among people all stem from nationality, ethnicity and culture. Family background and individual experiences also contribute to these differences. These lead to differences in practicesRead MoreCulture Is A Way Of Life Shared By People852 Words   |  4 PagesCulture is a way of life shared by people in a society. Culture is exceptional, although it may have other things in common with other cultures. According to American Culture, â€Å"Culture encompasses religion, food, what we wear, how we wear it, our language, marriage, music, what we believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the table, how we greet visitors, how we behave with loved ones, and a million other things, said Cristina De Rossi, an anthropologist at Barnet and Southgate College in LondonRead MoreThe Meaning Of Culture;.The Way Of Life, Especially The1860 Words   |  8 PagesThe Meaning of Culture; The way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time. The characteristics of culture; a) Culture is LEARNED. It is not inherited or biologically transferred. Most of culture is learned (cultural characteristics, 2017) from family, friends, media and other influences. b) Culture is SHARED. Of a group, people share the same basic beliefs and ideas which is what draws them to each other, although the differenceRead MoreAmerican Culture : The People s Way Of Life Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Culture When American culture is taken into context, comparatively it appears to be an all-inclusive and liberal culture with respect to cultures in other parts of the world. However, American culture has had its fair share of struggles with ethics and morality. Evidence suggests that the American culture somewhat favors the members who are well placed within it and ignores those, the lower class. The problem of segregating people in according to their status looks like a global phenomenonRead MoreThe Word Culture Means Way Of Life Of People, Thus The1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe word culture means way of life of people, thus the society, the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a group of people that differentiates them from another group of people. It is the overall attitude, customs and beliefs that distinguishes one culture from another. Culture is something that is actually transferred from one generation to another not through genes but through language, material objects, rituals th at we daily perform, through institutions and through art and drama. For exampleRead MoreJudaism, Religion, Philosophy, Culture And Way Of Life Of The Jewish People1255 Words   |  6 PagesJudaism is one of the world’s oldest religions founded 3500 years ago in the Middle East and remains an important faith today. Judaism encompasses the religion, philosophy, culture and way of life of the Jewish people. The history of the Jewish people begins with Abraham. Abraham was the first to forsake polytheism and idol worshipping for the belief in one God. Abraham descendants lived in peace until a new Pharaoh in Egypt felt threatened by the Jews so he made them slaves. It is said thatRead MoreThe New Way Of Life And Culture On The Lower East Side 1890-1925 By Elizabeth Ewen1210 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the women who’s tales were recanted in Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars: Life and Culture on the Lower East Side 1890-1925 written by Elizabeth Ewen, change was esp ecially imminent as they were forced to exchange the â€Å"old ways† of their native countries for the â€Å"new ways† of America. Immigrant women’s lives were completely altered, as they had to adjust to American culture in an innumerable amount of ways; they specifically saw change in how they perceived leisure and luxury, their views

How Has Your Viewing Of Metropolis And Our Reading Of...

Assessment Task 3 – English Advanced How has your viewing of Metropolis and your reading of Nineteen Eighty-Four enhanced your understanding of conflict? Conflict is the ultimate cause of a loss of individualism. It is used as a weapon to promote power and retain control, whilst simultaneously suppressing individual thoughts and emotions out of fear of negative repercussions. The definitive expression of the above concepts in Fritz Lang’s 1927 film Metropolis and George Orwell’s novel Nineteen Eighty-Four enables the audience to experience two separate yet similar totalitarian societies, in which external and internal conflict is utilised to disbar individualism. Conflict is used as a weapon in a totalitarian society to maintain power and control. In order for totalitarian governments to succeed, the masses must be oppressed to ensure they conform to the dominant values of their society. In Metropolis there is a direct Biblical reference to the powerful Tower of Babel. This monumental high-rise building, is a symbol of dominance, and utilises its panoptic view of the entire city to power and supremacy. This imposing building is a public, visual symbol of authority which succeeds in oppressing masses of society through its constant daunting surveillance, which is then used as a tool to eliminate uprising contradictions or discrepancies. Capitalist authorities utilised this tower to adopt a commanding status by physically elevating themselves to a point where they areShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change. 163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention

Barriers of Effective Communication free essay sample

Barriers of Effective Communication Barriers of Effective Communication CJA/304 January 14, 2013 Stewart Stanfield Barriers of Effective Communication Barriers of Effective Communication The common goal of all communication is to take one idea and transfer it from one location to another. Communication is essential in everything that we do. It is also vital that communication is clear in order for it to be effective. If this is established, then the goal has been accomplished. According to our reading for week one, â€Å"70 percent of our time is spent communicating. Even with the prominence of communication in everyday functions, however, little, if any, study of communication techniques is required in high schools, colleges, and police academies. † (The Need for Effective Communication. H. Wallace J. D. , C. Roberson L. L. M. 2009). There are three major barriers in communication: language, distraction, and false assumption. Language can be a barrier because if a request is not specified, people can interpret differently. For example, if I tell someone that something needs to be done as soon as possible, said person could interpret that to mean as soon as they get the opportunity to do so as opposed to getting on that specific task immediately. Distraction is the second barrier that exists in communication because everyday life does not come to a halt upon communication with someone. Many distractions consist of noises such as phones or phone calls and other conversations being conducted simultaneously. If a person is distracted with personal issues, it can cause them to fail to pay complete attention to what is being said or asked of them. Finally, false assumption is also a major barrier in effective communication. This is something that happens quite often. False assumption basically means when someone is being given instruction and assumes they know all about what is being asked. When this is done, Barriers of Effective Communication people neglect to finish paying attention to detail and may cause them to do what is requested accurately. Is there a difference between listening and hearing? Yes, there is. Hearing requires no effort. It is the ability that most of us are born with. Hearing defines only the physical measurement of the sound waves that are transmitted to the ear and into the brain where they are processed into audible information. Hearing occurs with or without your consent. † (Hallesvig-Gaskell K. Difference Between Hearing and Listening Skills). Listening, on the other hand, requires us to pay attention and concentrate on words being spoken to us. â€Å"Listening goes far beyond your natural h earing process. It means paying attention to the words that are being spoken with the intention of understanding the other person. Your personal perceptions and prejudices can affect the quality of your listening skills. .† (Hallesvig-Gaskell K. Difference Between Hearing and Listening Skills). In the criminal justice field, communication is very vital. Criminal justice professional have formal and informal forms of communication, although both equally important. Law enforcement personnel pretty much have to master the art of communication in order to conduct their duties effectively. In this field, majority of their communication is conducted through written form. With that being said, written communication is very important. These types of written communication include arrest reports, investigation reports and or follow-ups on said reports, memorandums, and all day-to-day paper work. Oral communication in the criminal justice field is just as important because a big portion of their communication is relayed from regular citizens. Officers have to learn how to Barriers of Effective Communication effectively, as well as professionally, communicate with the public in order to effectively serve the public. There are many obstacles that can occur while trying to gather information from a citizen requiring assistance from these professional depending on the situation and the severity of the nature of the call. This goes hand in hand with effective listening skills because this is a perfect example of a major barrier in communication; distractions. Distractions are a major barrier in effective communication for law enforcement officers because most of the time, they are first responders to 911 calls. These distractions can be very difficult to overcome at times because the nature of the scene they may be arriving upon can be very intense. Many times when officers are trying to gather information form people, be it witnesses, victims, and even suspects, people may be distraught or ambulances are coming on scene with sirens going on, people yelling out of fear, pain, things of this nature. So, I guess the question is, what are strategies that can help overcome the barriers that impede from effectively communicating at times. Both written and oral communication skills are very important in the criminal justice field and by practicing on sharpening these skills on a daily basis can only help and improve on these vital skills one needs in this filed. Written communication is effective when proper grammar is used, to include spelling, punctuation, non-repetition so as to not confuse the reader, thing of this nature. Oral communication can also be improved by practicing listening effectively on a daily basis as well. This means providing undivided attention to whoever is speaking to you. Understanding that distractions around you are always going to exist, practicing on learning how Barriers of Effective Communication to be able to divert your attention from that and just focusing on who is speaking will only help sharpen those skills. Effective communication is essential in any profession, but vital in any criminal justice organization. Communication can often make or break a case. It can save lives but by the same token, it can also cost lives. It can lead a case into a guilty verdict, or it can have a case thrown out due to either written or oral communication. Communication is vital for everyone’s safety in this field. Everyone gains from practicing effective communication skills. In reality, effective communication is not only a requirement, but it’s what has always instilled in all of us from birth to school to our adulthood. One is never finished learning how to communicate. Barriers of Effective Communication References David K. Beryl, The Process of Communications (New York: Holt, Rinehart amp; Winston, 1960), 12. Harvey Wallace J. D. , Cliff Roberson L. L. M. Written and Interpersonal Communication. Methods for Law Enforcement. The Need for Effective Communication. Ch. 1 2009. Fourth Edition. Karen Hallesvig-Gaskell. Livestrong. com. The Limitless Potential of You. Difference Between Hearing and Listening Skills. http://www. livestrong. com/article/83661-difference-between-hearing-listening. 2011.

Morality the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example

Morality the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Huckleberry Finn – Morality Society establishes their own rules of morality, but would they be accepted in these days? For example, throughout the novel Huckleberry Finn , Mark Twain depicts society as a structure that has become little more than a collection of degraded rules and precepts that defy logic. This faulty logic manifests itself early, when the new judge in town allows Pap to keep custody of Huck. The law backs that Judge Thatcher up and helps him to keep me out o my property. The judge privileges Paps rights to his son over Hucks welfare. Clearly, this decision comments on a system that puts a white mans rights to his propertyhis slavesover the welfare and freedom of a black man. Whereas a reader in the 1880s might have overlooked the moral absurdity of giving a man custody of another man, however, the mirroring of this situation in the granting of rights to the immoral Pap over the lovable Huck forces the reader to think more closely about the meaning of slavery. In implicitly comparing the plight of slaves to the plight of Huck at the hands of Pap, Twain demonstrates how impossible it is for a society that owns slaves to be just, no matter how civilized that society believes and proclaims itself to be. In addition, childhood has been described by the author, as an important factor in the theme of moral education: only a child is open-minded enough to undergo the kind of development that Huck does. It was a close place. I took p [the letter Id written to Miss Watson], and held it in my hand. I was a-trembling, because Id got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I know it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: All right then, Ill go to hellEm dash intended here? and tore it up. It was awful thoughts and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming It, describes the moral climax of the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Morality the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Morality the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Morality the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jim has been sold by the Duke and Dauphin, and is being held by the Phelpses spending his return to his rightful owner. Thinking that being at home in St. Petersburg, even if it means Jim will still be a slave and Huck will be a captive of the Widow, would be better than being in his current state of peril far from home, Huck composes a letter to Miss Watson, telling her where Jim is. When Huck thinks of his friendship with Jim, however, and realizes that Jim will be sold down the river anyway, he decides to tear up the letter. The logical consequences of his action, rather than the lessons society has taught him, drive Huck. Huck decides that going to hell, if it means following his gut and not societys hypocritical and cruel principles, is a better option than going to everyone elses heaven. This is Hucks true break with the world around him. At this point he decides to help Jim escape slavery once and for all, and he realizes that he, Huck, will not be re-entering the civilized world: he has moved beyond it morally. Since Huck and Tom are young, their age lends a sense of play to their actions, which excuses them in certain ways and also heightens the profundity of the novels commentary on slavery and society. Huck and Tom know better than the adults around them, but they lack the guidance that a proper family and community should have offered them. Furthermore, Huck and Tom encounter individuals who seem good (Sally Phelps, for example), but Twain takes care to show us that person as a prejudiced slave-owner. Preacher be hanged, hes a fraud and a liar. The shakiness of the justice systems that Huck encounters lies at the heart of societys problems: terrible acts go unpunished, yet frivolous crimes, such as drunkenly shouting insults, lead to executions Sherburns speech to the mob that has come to lynch him accurately summarizes the view of society given in this book: rather than maintaining collective welfare, society is marked by cowardice, a lack of logic, and profound selfishness.

The Trial of Mumia Abu-Jamal essays

The Trial of Mumia Abu-Jamal essays In class, we recently watch a movie on convicted cop killer Mumia Abu-Jamal. While the movie was informative, I couldn't help but being a little troubled by it. I began wondering why this man was so dangerous and yet so many people were standing up for him. In order to gain a better understanding of the situation, I visited www.danielfaulkner.com in order to get the other side of the story. I knew I would find some discrepancies between the sides telling their views. I thought these differences would be minimal at best but I was shocked to find out how dissimilar the two viewpoints were. The movie we saw in class was very pro-Mumia. In it, various people talked about the trial, from the witnesses to the attorneys to Mumia Abu-Jamal himself. Throughout the movie, the narrator continually bashed the facts given by the police and the prosecuting attorney Joseph McGill. Whenever they stated a point, the next statement from the narrator was either negative or attempted to prove their statement wrong. However, when the defense attorney Anthony Jackson or any witnesses stated a point beneficial to Mumia, the narrator quickly agreed with their point. Also, these witnesses in the movie were all in support of Mumia Abu-Jamal even though some have changed their stories on a number of occasions. When Mumia himself talked, the narrator backed up his points by use of footage or supporting him further through the testimonies of the other witnesses or Anthony Jackson. Throughout the movie, all points were made clear by both sides. However, the narrator was biased towards o ne side and therefore, got a plethora of opinions instead of the facts surrounding this situation. Overall, the movie disappointed me. After watching the movie and visiting the web site, I have come to the conclusion that Mumia Abu-Jamal is guilty of killing Officer Daniel Faulkner. The movie, to me, gave only one side of the story and heavily favored Mumia Abu-J...

Conjugating the French Verb Rire (to Laugh)

Conjugating the French Verb Rire (to Laugh) In French, the verb  rire  means to laugh. Its a fun and simple word and, hopefully, youll have plenty of opportunities to use it while studying French. The key to using  rire  properly in sentences is learning the most common conjugations so you can use it in the present, past, and future tenses. This lesson will show you how thats done. The Basic Conjugations of  Rire Rire may be a short word, but its also an irregular verb. This means that it does not follow the same pattern for the infinitive endings as most other French verbs. However, it is similar to sourire (to smile), so you can study the two together to make each a little easier. To start any conjugation, we need to identify the verb stem. In this case, that is simply   ri-. With that, youll add the various endings that match the subject pronoun as well as the tense of the sentence. For example, I am laughing is  je ris  and we laughed is  nous riions. Present Future Imperfect je ris rirai riais tu ris riras riais il rit rira riait nous rions rirons riions vous riez rirez riiez ils rient riront riaient The Present Participle of Rire In French, the  present participle  is most often formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem. Rire  follows this rule to form  riant. Rire  in the Past Tense Rather than use the imperfect to indicate the past tense of laughed, you can use the passà © composà ©. To form it, you will need the auxiliary verb avoir and the very short past participle ri. It is rather easy to construct this common form of the past tense. For example, I laughed is  jai ri  and we were laughing is  nous avons ri. Notice how  avoir  is the only word that needs to be conjugated and that it is in the present tense. This is because the past participle indicates that the action has already happened. More Simple Conjugations of Rire The verb conjugations above are most common, but you may need to know more forms of  rire  as you become more fluent in French. For instance, if theres a doubt as to whether someone is laughing, you can use the subjunctive verb mood. In a similar fashion, if someone wont laugh unless something else happens, use the conditional verb mood. There may also be times when youll encounter either the passà © simple  or  the imperfect subjunctive. These are, however, most often found in formal French, particularly literature. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rie rirais ris risse tu ries rirais ris risses il rie rirait rit rt nous riions ririons rmes rissions vous riiez ririez rtes rissiez ils rient riraient rirent rissent When you wish to use  rire  in short commands or requests theres no need to include the subject pronoun. This is called  the imperative verb mood  and rather than saying  tu ris, you can simplify it to  ris. Imperative (tu) ris (nous) rions (vous) riez

Determinants of Plasma Retinol and Beta-Carotene Levels Statistics Project

Determinants of Plasma Retinol and Beta-Carotene Levels - Statistics Project Example The statistical analysis demonstrated that for this showed that sex was significant at the .000 level. Additionally, the research should that the strength of the connection was .045. Regarding the first hypotheses, the research showed conclusively that the null hypothesis could be rejected. As such, the research hypothesis -- Sex would not have the same impact on the occurrence of Plasma Retinol (ng/ml) levels as it does on Plasma beta-carotene (ng/ml) levels – was accepted. Regarding the second hypothesis, the research showed that the null hypothesis could not be rejected and that research hypothesis that a correlation exists between the occurrence of Plasma Retinol (ng/ml) and Plasma beta-carotene (ng/ml) in the body could be rejected. The first test that was carried out was a regression analysis. This regression analysis examined the correlation between sex and plasma Retinol (ng/ml) levels. As noted, this test demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between the two variables. The second test that was carried out was also a regression analysis. This test instead examined the connection between sex and plasma beta-carotene (ng/ml) in the body. This test demonstrated that there was not a significant connection between the variables. Finally, the third test that was carried out was an independent samples t-test. This test examined whether or not a correlation existed between plasma retinol (ng/ml) levels and Plasma beta-carotene (ng/ml). This research showed that a connection did not exist between these two

Microevolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Microevolution - Essay Example Competition in the wild is the ultimate solution to survival. Animals with unique features survive while those with unwanted features die. Iguanas that could not survive the evolution process had no option but to die. Iguanas had to attach themselves to their parents to protection until they were mature. They adapted to feeding cacti and flowers in the wild. Competition among organisms in the same environment eliminates the weaker generation from the society. Darwin noted that the tortoises in Galapagos Island were distinctive in their particular manner. They were very distinct, and individuals could quickly tell the island of origin. There is a close relationship between the land iguanas and the finches.That sets in another theory whose postulation supports why land iguanas are dominant in Laguna de Manialtepec, South Mexico (Darwin&Quammen, 12). The choice of food eaten by organisms and the time food takes to reach the gastrointestinal tract of the iguanas is vital in the evolution of the animal. Natural foods are broken down for energy, nitrogen, calcium among other crucial minerals. The system of the iguana's processes high-quality foods. According to Darwin, not all organisms have equal chances in the fight for survival (Darwin&Quammen, 23). The plants that have adapted to the environment are healthy and have a better chance of surviving. The fittest animals survive harsh conditions. Land iguanas reproduce to their full potential and adapt to the conditions of Laguna de Manialtepec.

Sociology - The Comparative Method Essay Example for Free

Sociology The Comparative Method Essay Sociologists have embraced what is known as the comparative method as the most efficient way to expose taken-for-granted truths or laws that people have adopted. But what is this comparative method and how does it work? Are there any advantages/disadvantages to exposing these false truths. What forms or variations of the comparative method exist? In the pages to follow I will attempt to give you some insight and understanding of what the comparative method is, and how it works. The comparative method, simply put, is the process of comparing two things (in our case societies, or the people that make up society) and seeing if the result of the comparison shows a difference between the two. The comparative method attempts to dereify (the process of exposing misinterpreted norms. Norms that society consider natural and inevitable characteristics of human existence) reified (the human created norms or truths) beliefs. Obviously there are various ways in which a nomi (a labeled, sometime constructed, norm or truth) can be exposed. Which form of the comparative method should one use however? The answer, whichever one applies to the truth in question. For example, you certainly would not do a cross-gender form of comparison if you wished to expose whether or not homosexuality has always been feared and looked down upon by most people throughout history. No, rather you would perform a historical comparison of two or more different societies to see if these beliefs always existed, or, whether or not this is a newly constructed belief. Lets look at little more closely at the above mentioned historical comparison and see how the comparative method works with a specific example. There is no question that in todays western society there is a lot of fear and trepidation towards people who are labeled homosexual. The question we will attempt to answer however is whether or not it has always been like this and is this a universal truth. In ancient Greek societies people had a very different opinion of men that slept with men. For example, it was considered quite an honor for a family with a young boy under the age of 10, to be given the privilege on an older man of high society taking their son into his house. The young boy would go and live with this older man. The older man would have sex with the young boy on a regular basis until the boy developed facial hair. It was not until then that the boy was considered a man. Society thought that an older mans, of great reputation, semen would help the boy develop into a fine young man. Once the boy developed the facial hair, the sex between the two would stop. The older mans job was finished. Obviously this would be considered an atrocious and disgusting act these days. The older man in this case would certainly go to jail for the crimes that he had committed. However, in Ancient Greece this was not only considered perfectly normal, but as I already stated, it was an honor and a gift that not every boy was lucky enough to be given. Therefore, we can conclude from this comparison that homophobia, as we know it, is not a natural truth, nor is it a universal belief. Rather it is a socially constructed belief that many people have taken for granted as an inevitable part of human existence. It is important at this point to clarify something however. It is said that the role of the sociologist is a descriptive one as opposed to a prescriptive one. That is to say that the sociologist should describe the various practices, customs and structures that exist in various societies rather than suggest to people which one is actually the correct belief or the real truth. Cross-gender comparisons is another commonly used comparison used to reveal socially constructed truths. In Carol Gilligans book In a different voice we find a fine example of a cross-g ender comparison. She states that most people believe that the majority of people, both men and women, view morale issues in the same way. However, through empirical data collection, Carol Gilligan concludes that this is not most often the case. Rather, she states that men tend to approach moral issues quite differently than women. Where as men view morale issues with a dont interfere with my rights view, women focus more on the responsibility end of the morale involved. Thus we can conclude, thanks to the comparative method, that the constructed truth that all people view morale issues the same is not a correct one. Another quick example of a cross-gender comparison would be that of the house-wife. Still today most men view the role of the married woman as one that involves being a house-wife, in the traditional sense of the term. However, women today certainly would not view themselves in the same manner. The data collected from a comparison such as this could help to dereify this socially constructed truth. Cross-class comparisons is also a comparison commonly used when attempting to expose constructed truths between two classes. i.e. lower-class, upper-class, middle-class. For an example I refer to my lecture notes. Our professor gave us a fine example of a cross-class comparison involving his own life. He was from a middle-class family and attended a public school where he got involved with various kids from the middle and lower class. He grew up in this type of environment and accepted it as the his life as the way society was. To him, there was not another lifestyle. This was life. Several events occurred and because of these events our professor was moved, by his parents, to a private school. This private school and the new society that accompanied it resulted in a form of culture shock for him. All of a sudden he was placed in a new world, a world that he never even knew existed. As you can see, our professor socially constructed the view that society was like the one that he lived in when he went to his public school, hung around with middle and lower-class friends, and did what middle and lower-class kids did. When he was afforded the chance to compare that type of lifestyle to one of the upper-class he dereified his constructed view and his eyes opened to a new reality and a new view of the way society was. Another major comparative form is that of the cross-generational. This one is fairly straight forward. The name basically says it all. In fact, its much like the historical comparison method but on a much smaller scale. I believe that in order for it to be termed cross-generational, the generations that are being analyzed have to be living at the same time. Otherwise it becomes a historical comparison. Karen Anderson gives an example of a cross-generational comparison in her book Sociology : A Critical Introduction (1996, pg. 12). Canadians pride themselves on their tolerance and lack of prejudice. But we do not need to look very far into our history to find examples of taken-for-granted understandings that have led to discriminatory and prejudicial treatment. Some segments of the population have been classified as undesirable and thus as unwanted or undeserving outsiders Anderson is pointing out that the constructed view in Canada is that we pride ourselves on the fact that we have very little prejudice in Canada. She goes on to point out that this is not at all the case. She gives the example of Canadas history of immigration. She discusses the fact that a lot of Chinese people were allowed to immigrate to Canada, much to the dismay of current residents and already established European immigrants, during the time when the transcontinental railroad was being built. Sir John A. Macdonald was the Prime Minister at this time and defended his reputation by telling the people of Canada, who were very disturbed by his actions, that the Chinese immigrants would live in Western Canada just temporarily. To reassure the people further Macdonald said no fear of a permanent degradation of the country by a mongrel race. This would be considered horrific these days. Most Canadians would not even realize that their country was very closed to the idea of the immigra tion of certain types of people. The social idea that Canada is, and always have been, a very tolerant country is exposed as a false, constructed truth through this cross-generational comparison. Finally we come to the last major comparative form. That of the cross-cultural. Cross-cultural comparison consists of comparing two societies or cultures in an attempt to reveal and expose some socially constructed truths in order to prove that they are not universal but rather they are relative to each society. There are literally thousands of differences between almost every culture that people would be surely shocked to learn of. For the next example I will show how the cross-cultural comparative method dereifies some of the constructed so-called universal-truths that people in our society may have. India differs in its customs considerably from that of Canada or Northern America. For example, in Western Civilization families sit together when they attend church, in India this is not acceptable at all. Men and women must sit on opposite sides of the church. Men and women in India for the most part will not eat together, whereas in Western civilization it is a common practice and is actually looked upon as a good time for a little family bonding. In India it is considered rude to eat with both hands at the table. The right had is solely used for eating and the left for drinking. Obviously we have a completely different practice in Western society. Another shock that a Westerner might face if he/she were to travel to India would be the fact that it is still considered a major social impropriety for a man to even touch a woman in public. In North America public displays of affection can been seen everywhere. . (Stott, John. Down To Earth. 1980. Pg. 12-15) These are all prime examples of Western universal truths that are exposed when compared to another culture. One of the major benefits for exposing these truths through the comparative method is the fact that dereifying accepted truths leads to a decrease in ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is the act of interpreting all societies through ones own cultural lenses and believing that there idea of truths are the only correct ones. This could lead to the imposing of ones own beliefs onto other societies. In other words, comparing, exposing, and dereifying helps educate and eliminate ignorance when it comes to social truths. However, there is a danger to exposing social constructs. It could lead to one taking on the perceptive of a radical relativist (all truths are correct) or a nihilistic view (the belief that all truths are relative and therefore there are no truths). Obviously this is a very negative, and possibly a destructive, way of thinking. As you can see, the comparative method is an essential part of a sociologists practice. Without it there would be a lot of confusion and misunderstanding between people and societies. Hopefully I have shown by example the various forms of the comparative method and how each of them applies to society and how they attempt to expose falsities.

Shamanism and the Indigenous Peoples of Siberia Essays -- Cultural Ant

Shamanism and the Indigenous Peoples of Siberia Shamanism plays a role within most tribal communities of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. Within the community the shaman has many roles; one of his[1][1] main roles is that of a healer. The function of the shaman is closely related to the spirit world (Eliade 71). A shaman uses ecstatic trance to communicate with spirits. Spirits are integral to a shaman’s ability to heal within his community. â€Å"Shamanic activity is generally a public function† (Grim 11-12). Shamans are highly respected members of the community. â€Å"Shamans are of the ‘elect’;† recognition of a shaman can only be bestowed by the entire community (Eliade 7, 17). Without the community, a shaman is not a shaman and cannot function as such. An example of this situation would be vocational or self-made shamans, who are not chosen by the community, ancestry, or the underlying ‘numinous encounter’ to shamanize. The entire community does usually not recognize vocational shamans; they are not as effective as shamans and even viewed as frauds (Grim 45).[2][2] Therefore not anyone can be a shaman. â€Å"It is to the . . . shaman that tribal peoples turn for aid in dealing with the urgencies of life† (Grim 8). Due to the harsh Arctic environment, the shamanism of the indigenous peoples of Siberia is closely related to the struggle for existence in their world. The shaman is sought to aid the community in surviving by curing the sick and attacking or destroying evil spirits, among other roles (Hinnells 293-294). Within the community, the shaman has multiple roles including priest, magician, medicine man, mystic, poet and psychopomp (Eliade 4). One of his main roles is that of medicine man or healer. Accordin... ...d A Serpent’s Skin and A Bears Fur.† The Sun Maiden and the Crescent Moon: Siberian Folk Tales. Interlink Books. New York: 1991. 88-91. Waida, Manabu. â€Å"Problems of Central Asian and Siberian Shamanism.† Numen 30.2 (1983): 213-239. Notes: [1] ( The masculine pronoun is used throughout to describe the shaman. It is noted that not all shamans were males; in some tribes the majority of shamans (shamanesses) were female. However the masculine case is used from simplicity, since the gender role of the shaman is not being discussed in this case.) [2] For further discussion of numinous, see page 3 of this paper. [3] a main aspect of a shaman’s entrance into ecstatic trance [4] Most of this source covers the Ojibway Indians of the Great Lakes Region. However, Siberian Shamanism is used as a classical model from which Ojibway shamanism is derivied (56).

Orgins of the werewolf

Proposal Have you ever wondered where the word Werewolf comes from? The word is a contraction of the Anglo-Saxon word were (which means â€Å"man†) and wolf werewolf, manhole. My documentary revolves around the origin of the werewolf legends. The documentary takes the point of view that there may be more fact to the so-called legends than is commonly accepted. Good Morning ladles and gentlemen and welcome to my presentation. I am here today to give reasons as to why you should support my documentary.I Implore you to choose my documentary because there aren't many documentaries on this particular subject and ones that are, portray a stereotypical viewpoint. I believe that the topic of werewolves Is very Interesting. Because the general consensus on the topic of werewolves Is one of disbelief and Ignorance. The werewolf is mentioned throughout many different cultures such as: Egypt, Greece, China, the Romans, the Persians and Native American folklore. Throughout history they hav e been portrayed as evil, bloodthirsty killers. There are many efferent movies and books on werewolves including: â€Å"The Wolfram†, â€Å"Cursed† and â€Å"Wolf†.These movies portray these fascinating creatures as evil bloodthirsty monsters. In reality there have been sightings throughout the world. The Beast of Bray Road (or the Bray Road Beast) is a cryptic, or criminological, creature first reported in 1949 on a rural road outside of Leghorn, Wisconsin. The same label has been applied well beyond the initial location, to any unknown creature from southern Wisconsin or northern Illinois and all the way to Vancouver Island, Canada, that is ascribed as having similar characteristics to those reported in the initial set of sightings.Bray Road itself is a quiet country road near the community of Leghorn, Wisconsin. In the documentary the narrator, David Attenuator's would interview people who've claimed to have seen the â€Å"Bray Road Beast†: Lorraine Un dersize, a bar manager, reported clearly seeing the beast on the side of the road In 1989, and claimed It had fangs, grey-brown hair and pointed ears, Scott Bray, a dairy farmer, reported spotting strange dog on his property near Bray Road In 1989, Russell Gets, also reported spotting the beast emerge from an overgrown area to stand on Its hind feet.Heather Bowie and friends who In 1990 were chased by the beast near Loveland Road and Mike Teen, a dairy farmer, reported seeing the creature near Bray Road In 1990. Would also use voice over and spooky music to Infer that topic Is meant to be scary. I plan to have a determination In which the narrator and camera man would try and locate a werewolf at which time suspenseful music will play. The camera man will allow the narrator through a dense forest with shadowy, murky lighting.An atmosphere of suspense will be created. The camera is positioned 2 meters behind revealed. The audience is positioned so that a feeling of anxiety is created . I propose the documentary should air on SUBS, at night time because these creatures normally emerge from the darkness. Again I urge you to select my documentary because there aren't many documentaries out there about this subject and the aim of the documentary is to reach as many people as possible to explode click ©d and conventional thought.

Bio 101 Review Questions

Review Questions 1. The organic molecule produced directly by photosynthesis is b) sugar 2. The photosynthetic process removes E) carbon dioxide from the environment. 3. The process of splitting water to release hydrogen and electrons occurs during the _____ process. a) light dependent 4. The process of fixing carbon dioxide into carbohydrates occurs in the ____ process. b) light independent. 5. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through b) stomata. 6. The cellular transport process by which carbon dioxide enters a leaf (and by which water vapor and oxygen exit) is ___. ) Diffusion 7. Which of the following creatures would not be an autotroph? c) fish 8. The process by which most of the world's autotrophs make their food is known as ____. b) Photosynthesis 9. The process of ___ is how ADP + P are converted into ATP during the Light dependent process. c) chemiosmosis 10. Once ATP is converted into ADP + P, it must be ____. b) recharged by chemiosmosis 11. Generally speaking, the longer th e wave lenght of light, the ___ available energy of that light. a) smaller 12.The section of the electromagnetic spectrum used for photosynthesis is ___. d) visible light 13. The colors of light in the visible range (from longest wavelength to shortest) is ___. a) ROYGBIV 14. The photosynthetic pigment that is essential for the process to occur is ___. a) chlorophyll 15. When a pigment reflects red light, _____. d) red light is reflected, all others are absorbed 16. Chlorophyll a absorbs light energy in the ____color range. e) b and c 17. A photosystem is ___. b) a collection of photosynthetic pigments arranged in a thylakjoid membrane. 8. The individual flattened stacks of membrane material inside the chloroplast are known as ___. c) thylakoids. 19. The fluid-filled area of the chloroplast is the ___. b) stroma 20. The chloroplast contains all of these except ___. e) endoplasmic reticulum 21. The chloroplasts of plants are most close in size to __. d) bacteria in the human mouth 22 . Which of these photosynthetic organisms does not have a chloroplast? c) cyanobacteria 23. The photoelectric effect refers to ____. c) emission of electrons from a metal when struck by any wavelength of light. 24.Light of the green wavelengths is commonly absorbed by which accessory pigment? b) chlorophyll b 25. The function of the electron transport proteins in the thyakoid membranes is ___. c) Pumping of hydrogen into the thylakoid space for later generation of ATP by chemiosmosis. 26. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell because ____. a) ATP is the most readily usable form of energy for cells. 27. Both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation produce ATP. We can infer that the purpose of ATP in photosynthesis is to c) supply energy that can be used to form a carbohydrate. 8. The role of NADPH in oxygen-producing photosynthesis is to ____. b) supply carbon to the carbohydrate 29. The dark reactions require all of these chemicals to proceed except ___. e) oxygen 30. Th e first stable chemical formed by the Calvin Cycle is _____. c ) PGA 31. The hydrogen in the carbohydrate produced by the Calvin Cycle comes from ___ b) NADPH 32. The carbon incorporated into the carbohydrate comes from ___. c) carbon dioxide 33. C-4 photosynthesis is so named because _____. b) it produces a four carbon compound as the first stable products of photosynthesis.

Semester Exam System Erd Essay Example

Semester Exam System Erd Essay Example Semester Exam System Erd Essay Semester Exam System Erd Essay Semester Examination System DBMS Lab Assignment Group III Srimanta Singh (004) Samik Saha (015) Prasenjit Gayen (016) 3rd yr. 1st sem. , Department of Computer Sc. Engg. Jadavpur University ASSUMPTIONS Data requirements: ? The major characteristics of the semester examination system are†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The university has many departments which are identified basically by the department_id. Also the departments have a particular location (campus). ? Each department has teachers. Each teacher is assigned to teach a particular subject. He also has to make question paper and evaluate the answer script. WE have assumed that a teacher can take classes in different department but he will belong to a particular department. ? A particular department may offer few courses. One or more subjects may be same for different courses as well as departments. Same subject (name) in two courses or department is separately identified by the corresponding subject_id. ? Subject_id for a course of a department is unique. ? A student must register to appear in the exam. A registered student is considered as exam candidate. ? Exam can be of two types –regular and supplementary. In case of supplementary a candidate may not have to appear in all the subjects assigned to a particular semester. ? The exam controller section is the administrator of this whole examination system. ENTITY SETS USED IN E-R DIAGRAM For constructing a conceptual schema of this data base, the entity sets and the associated attributes are given below (as our specification of the E-R diagram)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ENTITY SETS 1. Student 2. Department 3. Teacher 4. Subject 5. Exam ASSOCIATED ATTRIBUTES Name, Roll No, Reg. No, Contact No Department_id, Name, Location Teacher_id, Name, Contact No, Status Name, Subject_id ,Course, Dept Exam_id, Roll No, Sub_id, Exam roll no. 6. Exam Candidate Semester, Year, Exam_id, Sub_id 7. Result 8. Routine Roll no, Exam_id, Sub_id, Grade, Date_of_publish Date, Time, Room No, Exam_id ? Student: Student enrolls in a course in a particular department, each student has a roll no by which they are identified uniquely, and each student also has a registration number. Each student has to enroll to appear in the examination as a candidate. A student also have also have contact number and address. ? Department: University has so many departments. Each department has a unique department_id, name. The departments have their respective location and contact number. ? Teacher Each department has many teachers. Each teacher has their corresponding teacher_id, contact no. , name and status. Each teacher is uniquely identified by the attribute teacher_id. Contact no. of the teachers may have multiple values. ? Subject: Each department offers many courses and each course consists of subjects. Here each subject have subject name, subject_id. The subjects are uniquely identified by their corresponding subject_id. Same subject can be taught in several departments but in that case the subject_id will be different. ? Exam : The whole semester examination system is organized in few exams. These exams are identified by the exam_id, semester and year in which the exam is taken. Exam may be of two types – regular and supplementary. Exam_id is the primary key of this entity. All attributes are atomic. ? Exam Candidate : Each student has to register his name for the examination. After registration for the exam he achieves the candidature for that particular exam. A candidate is uniquely identified by his exam roll no. It contains candidate name, roll no. , sub_id and exam_id. ? Result : Each exam must have their corresponding results. Result is also associated with the students. Thus the result of a student of a particular semester is identified using roll no, subject_id, exam_id. It also contains grade and date of publication of the result as attributes ? Routine : Each exam has a corresponding routine which consists of date, time, room no. and exam_id. RELATIONSHIP SETS FOR DATA BASE In our E-R diagram specified relationship sets and mapping cardinalities are described below: ? Has This is the 1-to-many binary relationship set between department and student entity sets. And the participation of the weak entity set. We also have a one-to-one binary has relationship between the exam and the exam results. ? Belongs to This is the 1-to-many binary relation ship set between DEPARTMENT and TEACHER sets. Because- for a particular department there are many teacher but for a teacher only 1 department is fixed. And the participation of the teacher entity sets in this relation ship sets is partial. ? Teaches This is the many-to-many binary relationship sets between teacher and subjects. Enrolls This is the one-to-one binary relationship sets between Student and Exam Candidate. Component attributes are: date, month, and year. ? Sits for This is a many-to-many binary relationship sets between the Exam Candidate and the Examination. ? Scheduled This is the relationship that holds between the examination and the exam routine. ? Holds This is a many-to-many binary relationship set between the department and the examination. ? ISA This is a relationship set that holds between the exam and the two category of exam-regular and supplementary. Of This relation holds between the exam and subjects as well as the subject and results. ? Gets This is the relationship sets between Exam Candidate and the Results. name dept. no. name belongs to department contact no. teacher teacher-id has of sub-id name roll no. student regd. no. contact no. dept. no. (fk) assigne d to teaches sem year exam-id exam sub-id (fk) ISA of subject name enrolls scheduled routine time room no date exam-id (fk) Sub-id regular sits for supplementary of has exam-id (fk) enrolled gets sub-id sub-id grade roll no. (fk) exam-id (fk) roll no. results Date published

Baking Powder Versus Baking Soda

Baking Powder Versus Baking Soda Are you planning some holiday baking? If so, you can use your knowledge of kitchen chemistry to save a trip to the store if you run out of ingredients. One substitution that can be confusing is whether or not you can use baking powder and baking soda interchangeably. Both baking powder and baking soda are used to help baked goods rise, but they arent the same chemicals. The Deal With Baking Soda Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. If you dont have baking soda, you can use baking powder, but you will need to add about twice as much because baking powder contains baking soda, but it also contains other ingredients. This substitution may affect the flavor of the food, not necessarily in a negative way. If the recipe calls for salt (sodium chloride), you may want to use slightly less. The Deal With Baking Powder Baking powder is sodium bicarbonate and potassium bitartrate. If you dont have baking powder, you cant substitute baking soda, but you can make baking powder using two parts cream of tartar and one part baking soda. For example, two teaspoons of cream of tartar plus one teaspoon of baking soda would give you three teaspoons of baking powder. Unless the recipes states otherwise, begin baking as soon as you have finished mixing the ingredients, since the chemical reaction that causes the rising starts as soon as wet and dry ingredients are mixed. Tell me more...

About physical therapy Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About physical therapy - Personal Statement Example My father gave me a simple reply, â€Å"Because they need it.† My father was never a man of many words so I knew that I needed to seek the answer to my question from my cousin. His reply was to set the career path that I would eventually follow. He explained to me that the people in the clinic had all been physically injured either by playing sports, a work accident, or just a stroke of bad luck. Their injury damaged their body physically so they could not move like a normal person would. Pointing out the others who had their arms in slings or casts, and some people with amputated arms, he told me that â€Å"They all need help in learning how to move like a normal person. That is what I help them with.† Since we had time to spare before having to leave, I intently watched my cousin do his job. Trying to understand what exactly it was that he was trying to do for these people. When I asked him what he called what he was doing to them, he responded â€Å"Physical therapy†. I told myself that I would remember those two words because I wanted to be like my cousin when I grew up. So while I spent my time being a voracious reader, I made sure to read as many books as i could about the foundation of a physical therapists career aside from many other book genres that I liked to read. I made sure to spend as much free time as I could throughout my high school years observing my cousin in his workplace. Learning as much as I could and asking as many questions that I could about what he was doing to the patients. I will always be grateful to him for never tiring of answering the thousand and one questions that I kept asking him. I became such a regular fixture at his clinic that even the patients already knew me by name and some even considered me a friend already. When I was not observing at the physical therapy clinic, I spent whatever time I could doing volunteer work for the needy and less fortunate in my city. One of the places that I volunteered at

A Control System For A Power Plant Research Paper

A Control System For A Power Plant - Research Paper Example In some pressurized water reactors, distinctive control rods are used to facilitate the core to withstand a low level of power proficiently (Levine, 1999). Coolant. A liquid flowing inside the core so as to transmit the heat from it.   In light water reactors, the water mediator functions also as a major coolant. Except in boiling water reactors, there is subordinate coolant circuit where the water is changed into steam. Pressure vessel or pressure tubes. Normally, a strong steel vessel enclosing the reactor core and the coolant, but a series of tubes holding the fuel and transmitting the coolant through the adjacent moderator may be used. This has helped in the yielding of electricity that enhances other types that are costly and seasonal (Lee, 2004). Steam generator. Part of the cooling compartment where the high-pressure basic coolant taking heat from the reactor is incorporated to make steam for the turbine, in an adjacent circuit. Basically, a heat exchanger like a motor vehicle radiator. Reactors may have up to four coils, each with a steam generator.   Containment. The organization around the reactor and related steam generators which is intended to protect it from outside interruption and to protect those outside from the impacts of radiation in case of any crucial fault inside. It is usually a meter thick steel and concrete structure. Powering a nuclear plant reactor: Most reactors need to be turned off for refueling, so that the pressure tubes can be opened up. In this case, topping up is at intervals of 1-2 years, when a 1/4 to a 1/3 of the fuel assemblies are changed with fresh ones. In case graphite or water is used as a coolant, it is possible to drive a power reactor on natural instead of impure uranium. Natural uranium has the similar elemental build-up as when it was mined, while impure uranium has

Environmental Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Audit - Essay Example This paper is focused upon environmental audit and how important it is for an organization. It would elaborate on the environmental policies of 3M. Moreover it would shed light upon how 3M followed sustainable practices. Discussion Anything that impinges on the firm can be included in the environment. The environment is not stable; in fact, it is increasingly turbulent due to the era of change and uncertainty in which we live. Changes are happening faster and faster, requiring continual response on the part of businesses. Thereby, it is becoming increasingly imperative for companies to carry out feasibility studies and environmental audits to assess the nature of the new market and plan the strategies accordingly. Environmental audit is the process by which the company’s environmental performance is tested based upon the various environmental policies and strategies that are implemented. The environmental policies and objectives of an organization are clearly stated and docume nted even if they are not followed as rigorously. The audit is carried out based on tests that study the documentation, the policies, work manuals and other material, observation of work practices, and other tests that ensure compliance to the policies and legal requirements. According to the International Chamber of Commerce environmental audit is defined as â€Å"a management tool that ensures a methodical, documented, regular and objective assessment of how an organization is performing in its aims to maintain and protect the environment through controlling management of environmental practices and evaluating the conformity with the policies of the company† (Environmental Auditing, 2004) Environmental audit is a done in a structured and organized manner in order to manage environmental and sustainability issues. It must be supported through the documentation so that verification and validation is carried out effectively at any point in time. The purpose and idea behind an environmental audit is to assess the performance of an organization in terms of its environmental management and equipment. There are various types of environmental audits including environmental management audit, environmental compliance audit, environmental assessment audit, waste audits, environmental due diligence audits and supplier audits. I formerly worked at 3M US which is one of the top companies when it comes to environmental sustainability. It has been at the forefront from the beginning when it comes to adopting programs and policies to ensure environmental protection, social responsibility and economic vitality. The legal structure of the US also has influence over the companies and ensures that environmental policies that are stated are properly followed and implemented. The environmental protection agency (EPA) had strong compliance and conformity principles. At 3M the environmental audit is conducted by the company’s lawyers. The information of the audit is ke pt confidential and not issued until court orders are received. The approach of audit is been changed by the USEPA to go towards ‘self-policing’. Self audit is considered a better option as it allows the companies to reduce any potential legal costs by a great amount. 3M had high regards for sustainability and gave precedence to the sustainable practices. The sustainable practices policies of 3M were in line with the overall corporate policies and values. 3M

Social psychological principles of prejudice and attitudes

Social psychological principles of prejudice and attitudes Many people believe prejudice and discrimination mean the same thing .In fact there is a very important difference between them. Prejudice is an attitude, whereas discrimination refers to the behaviour or action. If someone dislikes a given minority, but does not allow this dislike to effect their behaviour then the person shows prejudice but not discrimination. According to Baron and Byrne (1991) prejudice is an attitude towards the member of some group based solely on their membership in that group. In contrast discrimination involves negative action directed at the member of the group. Allport (1954) argued that there are five different stages of discrimination. Anti-location: Verbal attacks are directed against some other group. Avoidance: the other group is systematically avoided. Discrimination: the other group is deliberately treated less well than other groups in term of civil rights. Physical attack: Membership of the other group are attacked and their property is destroyed. Extermination: there are deliberate attempts to kill all members of the other group. The word prejudice can be broken down in to pre (meaning before) and judice (meaning judgement). Therefore to be prejudice towards an individual or group shows a pre-judge of that individual or group. There are three elements to prejudice. Cognitive element: This involves the beliefs held about the group. These beliefs will be in the form of stereotyping, common but over simple views of what particular groups of people are like. The affective element: This involves the feelings experienced in response to the group. If we are prejudiced against a group we may experience anger, fear, hate or disgust when we encounter a member of that group. The behavioural element: This consists of our actions toward the object of our prejudice. Behaving differently towards people based on their membership of a group is called discrimination. Our actions against members of a group against which we hold a prejudice can rang from avoidance and verbal criticism to mass extermination. Psychological approach to explain prejudice falls in to two broad areas. Social approach centres on the social factors that contribute to prejudice in general. Whereas individual differences approaches centres on what factors make some people more prone to prejudice. Tajel and Turner (1979) proposed the social identity theory. This theory is one of a group of theoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s that share the assumption that prejudice can be explained by our tendency to identify ourselves as part of a group and to classify other people as either within or outside that group. Tajfel and Turner carried out a number of laboratory experiment called the minimal group Tajfel (1970) carried out an experiment to look at intergroup discrimination. To test his theory sixty four schoolboys aged between 14 and 15 year old were selected. The participants were initially informed that the experiment was research investigating vision. The boys were shown clusters of dots on a screen and asked to estimate the number of dots on the picture. The participants were then divided in to two groups group A and group B. Group A was classified as boys that had underestimated the amount of dots and group B was those boys who had overestimated the amount of dots. The boys were then given a number of tasks in which they would allocate points to each other. Each boy did not know who they were allocating points to but they did know which group the boy belonged to three conditions were used as part of this experiment condition one the choice was between two boys from group A the second condition was two boys from group B and the last condition used one boy from each group. What Tajfel identified as part of this research was that the boys overwhelmingly chose to allocate points to the boys who had been indentified as in the same group as themselves. Despite the fact that there was no direct competition between the two groups the participants consistently displayed favouritism towards the boys from the same group. Ellis and Fox (2001) also carried out research in to prejudice and discrimination looking effect of self-identification sexual orientation on helping behaviour. This research involves 235 British men and women were telephone at home. The caller explained that they had dialled the wrong number and that they had no more change to make a further call and asked if the participant would relay a message to the callerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s partner. In the experimental condition the callers partner was identified as the same sex as the caller, and in the controlled condition they were identified as the opposite sex. The finding shoed that overall both gay man and lesbians were less likely to receive help than heterosexuals. Women were also more to receive help than men. The final conclusion to the research showed that people were less likely to offer help to a gay men who found themselves in difficulty. This showed prejudice and discrimination towards gay men. When discussing prejudice or discrimination, stereotyping also needs to be examined Stewart et al. (1979) described stereotyping as a process not only used to simplify environmental and social stimuli, but one that also aids the construction of meaning to those stimuli based on attribution expectations. Whereas Taguirs (1969) defined stereotyping as the tendency to place a person in a category according to some easily and quickly identifiable characteristic such as age, sex, ethic membership, nationality or occupation, and then to attribute to them qualities believed to be typical of a member of that category. Stereotypes seem to provide a simple and economical; way of perceiving the world. In the late 1800s male Chinese immigrants were brought to the U.S. to work on the railroads and as agricultural labours on the West Coast many specialized in laundry services. Some came willingly others were basically kidnapped and brought forcibly. After the transcontinental railroad was completed and it occurred to white Americans that the Chinese workers were still around and might compete with them for jobs, a wave of anti-Chinese sentiment swept the U.S. Chinese men were stereotyped as degenerate heroin addicts whose presence encouraged prostitution, gambling, and other immoral activities. Since most Chinese immigrants were brought here specifically as workers, the vast majority were male few at that time were able to bring their wives. A number of cities on the West Coast experienced riots in which whites attacked Asians and destroyed Chinese sections of town. The Seattle riot resulted in practically the entire Chinese population being rounded up and forcibly sent to San Franci sco. Similar situations in other towns encouraged Chinese workers scattered throughout the West to relocate, leading to the growth of Chinatowns in a few larger cities on the West Coast. Ac cording to Buchanan (2007) many researchers have argued that prejudice is part of human nature and that the only by confronting our authentic nature can we gain real insight into the forces that drive group conflict and learn how we might better manage and defuse such urges. Probable the first formal proposal of a set of social psychological principles for reducing prejudice was from Allportà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1954) Contact hypothesis. Prejudice may be reduced by equal status contact between majority and the minority groups in the pursuit of common goals. When people are segregated they are more likely to experience autistic hostility, that is ignorance of other which in turn results in a failure to understand the reason for their actions Lack of contact means there is no reality testing against which to checking our own interpretation of others behaviour, and in turn can enforce negative stereotyping.

Bitterness in Faulkners A Rose For Emily :: A Rose For Emily, William Faulkner

Essay a rose for Emily In William Faulkner's short story "A Rose for Emily," Emily's lack of social skills, exclusiveness and bitterness display Emily's refusal to adapt to the present. In the short story "A Rose for Emily", Emily displays her lack of social skills when the other ladies in the story try to call for her and she refuses to see them. Emily was not very social with the other towns? people. When the town gets the mail system for free, Emily refuses to let the towns? people put a mail box or postal number letters outside of her home. Emily was very unsocial. Emily never left the house much, she would have everything she needed brought to the house for her. She portrays her refusal to adapt to the present by not keeping up with the new mailing system and by refusing to pay taxes. She wanted to keep everything how it was when her father was alive. Emily was not willing to accept the new changes in her life, she wanted to live in the past where she was comfortable. Emily is very excluded from the rest of the town. Emily hardly ever came out of her house and refused to let anyone in on her life. Emily displays her refusal to adapt to the present by not wanting to let anyone in when her father passed on because she believed that he was still alive. Emily was very close to her father and when he passed on it was hard for her to adapt to the present. Emily never left the house much that her father left her, and when she did she did not talk to anyone at all. Emily was very private with her life, she made sure that no one knew anything about her life. Emily portrays her refusal to adapt to the present by keeping herself very excluded from the present time. The people that lived in the town with her would have to ask her servant questions just to receive any information about her life at all. Emily did not even let the servant into her personal life, she kept all her thoughts and feelings very private from the rest of the world. After Emily?s father passed away, Emily became very bitter with the world. She refused to pay taxes to the town because her father had given a lot of money to the town.

Case of Aline Deneuve

Case of Aline DeNeuve This case Aline DeNeuve is written by Alvin Turner, from St. Catharine’s, Ontario, Canada. There are a lot of issues in this case. Aline talked with five random employees to secure their views on having another retreat and to take their opinion how effective was the previous retreat. The first employee she talked with was Heather. The main issue over here is mostly stereotypical and racial discrimination. Heather told she doesn’t like retreats. She also said that she was ignored to give a promotion six months ago by her supervisor Jack as she was Chinese, and that her supervisor doesn’t like foreigners.She also stated that the three day retreat held once a year won’t solve the anti-social atmosphere between the employees. This problem occurred because Heather was upset with Jack for the reason she was not promoted by him. Categorization is an OB concept which falls under stereotyping. This is a comparison process for social identity, and that comparison begins by categorizing people into different groups. Heather thought she was categorized by her supervisor Jack as she was from China. Homogenization is another OB concept that falls under stereotyping. It is a simplified process of comparing people in various groups.Here people tends to think that, people with in a group are very much similar to each other despite the fact that everyone is an individual and have their own different characteristics. Heather thought that jack was homogenization towards her as she belonged from China, and was from some kind of Chinese group. Heather also thought that Jack was discriminating towards her as she was a foreigner, and so didn’t give her a promotion. There were also internal attribution factors in Heather as she regularly took large numbers of sick days from work, for the reason she thought her supervisor was discriminating her.She also had fundamental attribution error. Fundamental attribution error is a bias, re fers to our tendency to see the person rather than the situation as the main cause of the person’s behaviour. Heather thinks that she is biased by her supervisor. These problems can be fixed in various ways by Heather. Awareness of perceptual biases is one of the ways her problems can be solved. Training on diversity awareness can lessen discrimination by making people aware of methodical discrimination as well as biases that occur through stereotyping. Awareness of perceptual biases can make people more watchful of their opinions and activities.Thus, Heather might have a better point of view about Jack, and might think more positively about the outcomes that come in real life. Another way of fixing her problem is by improving self-awareness. It is a more powerful way to minimize perceptual biases; it provides evidence that the individual’s own conduct and choices reflect these biases. Therefore Heather can have a better and positive view of what is happening in her su rroundings and how positively she can take them. However, Heather can have a conversation period with her supervisor and discuss all the matters that are bothering her.This might help her understand Jack in a better way and stop all kinds of problematic issues they have between each other. The second employee Aline talked with was Jack. Jack is the manager of marketing department. He did not want to attend the retreat. He was upset as he was not promoted to the director position. Jack thought that he was passed over because he was black. He suggested that the organization should invest more money in its security purposes as he thinks lot of employees are taking home office supplies. He also thought that the company should design a better job orientation and socialization program for the new employees.The problem over here was Jack thought that he didn’t get the promotion because he was black; he assumed that he was racially discriminated. He also made a very serious statement about other office employees, that they have been taking office supplies to their home. This to my thought was really offensive to other employees especially when he had no evidence to prove them. The only positive statement that I thought Jack made was having a better designed job orientation and socializing program for the new employees. This step would really help the new comers to get involved in various activities in an organization.In this part of the case I found two problems that took place with Jack. The first one was Jack thinking stereotypically about himself. His thinking was more of stereotypical because he thought he was racially discriminated in the organization and so was not given a promotion to the director position. The solution to this problem can be diversity awareness training. This training will help Jack to minimize discriminating thoughts in his mind. He also needs to improve his self-awareness in himself which will let him know what he thinks about himself .The second problem associated with Jack was accusing other employees of the organization, for taking office supplies to their home. This is a very serious offensive issue. To me Jack thinks like this because he is having some internal issues with his fellow employees. This can be fixed from the Johari Window model. It helps to get to a mutual understanding which eventually encourages disclosure of argument. Jack can also have a formal conversation with the organization’s promotion giving team to get to know why he wasn’t selected for the director position; this might really help him to get to know the real facts.The third employee Aline had a conversation with was June, manager of customer service. She was also not keen to attend the retreat as she thought that the previous one was a waste of time. She also doesn’t like her job anymore as it became too stressful for her. She also stated that the company kept on promising her that it will hire more customer serv ice representative, but haven’t hired anyone. She also mentioned that it is getting hard for her to maintain her marriage with such a stressful job beside. June also said that she got tired of answering customer’s silly questions.The first problem June had was shortage of customer service representative which made her working condition stressful. She can write a letter to the organization’s head stating the entire problem that she is facing and asking for an immediate solution. The fact that June’s marriage life is getting affected from her work life falls in an OB concept, work-life balance. People tend to lose control of their marriage life due to a stressful condition in their work life. This problem can be solved by the means of virtual work.She can request the company to work from her home instead of working in the office using information technology. This will let her to for work from the comfort of her home; allowing to have a better and balanced l ifestyle. Many survey came up with results that on an average, a person working in a call center works no more than two years. However, I think June should leave her current job and look for a better one, because doing something that she doesn’t like, won’t be productive for her or the company. Fourth employee Aline spoke with was Alison, supervisor of employee benefits and services.Alison also expressed disagreement in attending another retreat. She said that some male and female employees think that retreats are an opportunity for hitting on one another. She also mentioned that the company should develop a policy regarding inter-office dating. She also stated that the management is contributing to these factors by not taking actions to stop such behaviour in work place. As Alison has very strong views to her religion she is very unsatisfied with the kind of environment that goes in work place, because most religious views are strong and conservative.This is more of a n issue than a problem. This issue falls under categorical thinking, as religious views falls under a specific category. In this categorical thinking people tries to relate every possible action in the base of that category, as Alison did by judging most of the situation in religious views. To overcome this issue Alison can go through a behaviour modification session, it is also known as operant conditioning and reinforcement theory. It helps people understand that learning and visualising completely depends on the environment and the situation.The last employee Aline talked with was Richard. Richard said he will be pleased to attend a retreat because he always felt these types of ventures are a great way to improve interpersonal relationship and to socialize with senior management. Richard was the only employee amongst the five employees who had positive and inspiring attitude. There was no problem that I could find from this conversation. Instead he was more inspirational for the other employees. He is extroverted, as he seems more outgoing, sociable, and assertive. The organization should take a lot of immediate actions to resolve these problems.The company can encourage its employees to join on various training sessions on improving self-awareness, awareness of perceptual biases, meaning full interactions with one another in office environment, behaviour modification, etc. The company can set up free training sessions to help their employee learn the visuals of work life in a modified and better way. One of the best alternatives can be, giving new employees not only job training but also other training to keep office environment healthy and good. MD Samiul Karim Shaown A00355188 Micro Organizational Behaviour MGMT-2383-1C

Stranded activity

Would there be any laws to control how you lived, what right or freedoms you exercised, or what property you had? Why? There would have to be certain moral laws as to how to live on the Island. The majority of laws should still pertain despite the situation. No murder or stealing should definitely still apply. Freedoms and Rights should be very close to the U. S. Government as far as the freedom of speech, and religion. As far as property and the rights to own the property, there should be an agreement as to which property each errors owns and that what was built or created by that person is their property.These would be good laws to control how citizens live in a realistic way which would help arguments and discrimination in these areas. Realistically these laws would be broken though. Despite the fact that the majority of people do want to be civil and have an agreement on how to overcome and avoid issues, without an actual government it would be chaos. Government provides rules an d breaking them results in consequences, with no rules or consequences to actions, It makes it seem okay. It Is Important to establish laws and consequences of breaking them. ) Considering the key terms from this unit, what type or form of government would be best suited for your situation? Why? In this situation of being stranded, a Direct Democracy would be the best government in order for citizens to collectively vote and agree on problems. There still needs to be a government to keep everything together so an anarchy would not be a good idea. An Autocracy would be a bad idea as well because with one person governing there would be no regard to others opinions.With a Direct Democracy everyone has the ability to state their opinion without It being unfair or unreasonable because they all voted. 3) Would anyone have the right to govern you? Would you have the right to govern anyone else? Why? I believe if it was a mutual group decision on the issue then the group as a whole has the right to govern that person. I don't believe one person should be able to govern because that is Just one person's opinion and it is a biased decision.In the direct democracy that I believe the citizens on the stranded island should have, it would be more reasonable to have the group govern. In order to have a working and stable environment governing others is necessary but with fairness. 4) Would you have any rights? What might these rights be? Yes, I would have rights because everyone deserves to have them. Rights such as the right to build a home, rights to hunt and gather food as well as rights to vote for how 5)What might people who were stronger or smarter than others try to do? Why?The stronger or smarter people might try to create a dictatorship in order to have intro over others and to govern them for their own personal reasons. They might also try to effect the idea that everyone is equal and some citizens may be treated poorly and have their rights taken away. Rights suc h as owning property, and voting may be taken away. 6) What might the weaker or less worldly or wise try to do? Why? The weaker and less worldly would most likely give in to the opinions of others. In a direct democracy they might let others influence their votes in order to try to keep the peace.This is a good reason why it should not be a one man Job to govern, because the weaker may have trouble stating their own opinions. 7) What might life be like for everyone? Life for everyone no matter how their government is run would be hard. Not everyone is going to be happy with the decisions that the government will come to and that will always create conflict among the citizens. Learning how to fend on the island while still following the laws and morals would be difficult and in the situation many not obey these rules.